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An Economic Analysis of the U.S. Wooden Pallet and Container Industry 14 3. National Economic Impact Analysis The impact of the wooden pallet and container industry certainly extends beyond the direct economic impacts as measured by the variables presented in the industry overview in the previous section. Jobs are also supported in supplier ("upstream") industries that provide components, materials, energy, and various services to the wooden pallet and container industry, as well as the transportation and trade industries that distribute these inputs. In addition to these upstream impacts, jobs are supported in wholesale and retail trade ("downstream") industries that distribute NWPCA member company products. 3.1 Upstream Analysis Table 5 is an example of the type of information that can be extracted from the input- output (IO) framework of the Inforum Iliad model. These tables show the top 20 elements in the column of the IO table. A column of the IO table shows the suppliers to the industry. Another way to think of it is the combination of inputs purchased to produce that industry's products. Table 5 shows the purchases made by the "All Other Wood Products" industry. This industry includes production of both wood pallets and containers as well as miscellaneous wood products (ex: wooden dowels and handles). This level of IO granularity is most detailed made available by BEA. These represent the intermediate inputs used to create the final product. The first column displays the rank and the next two columns show the NAICS code(s) and title of each supplying industry. The fourth column lists the share of total output. Total output of each industry is the sum of all purchases from other industries, plus value added. In the case of "All Other Wood Products", intermediate inputs accounted for 63.5 percent of total output value, while value added made up the remaining 36.5 percent. The largest amount of purchases were from the "Sawmills and wood preservation" industry (13.3 percent). This sector provides processed lumber to produce wooden pallets and containers. The second largest purchase was from the "Wholesale Trade" industry (4.3 percent). The third largest amount of purchases were made by the "Household and institutional furniture" industry (3.5 percent). "Management of companies and enterprises" (3.2 percent) provide strategic planning and other organizational resources. "Truck transportation" and "Rail Transportation" are also among the top twenty upstream suppliers. These two industries help move goods along the supply chain. Each of the industries listed in Table 5 also provide employment, generate value added, and require supplies from other industries. For most supplier industries, a certain share is imported. This imported share does not contribute to the generation of U.S. income, jobs, and production.